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The European Interoperability Framework defines interoperability layers.
For each of these layers it defines a number of Interoperability principles and recommendations for European public services.
The EIF interoperability model is applicable to all digital public services and may also be considered as an integral element of the interoperability-by-design paradigm. It includes:
- four layers of interoperability: legal, organisational, semantic and technical;
- a cross-cutting component of the four layers, ‘integrated public service governance’;
- a background layer, ‘interoperability governance’.
The model is depicted below:

Here is more detail about each of the EIF interoperability layers and the related recommendations:
Source: European Interoperability Framework - Promoting seamless services and data flows for European public administrations, COM(2017)134, 23 March 2017, url (Available in the languages of the EU Member States)
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