An agreement is …


A regulation is a binding legislative act.

In the EU the term is used for a binding legislative act that must be applied in its entirety across the EU. For example, when the EU wanted to make sure that there are common safeguards on goods imported from outside the EU, the Council adopted a regulation.


A directive is a legislative act that sets out a goal that all EU countries must achieve. However, it is up to the individual countries to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals. One example is the EU consumer rights directive, which strengthens rights for consumers across the EU, for example by eliminating hidden charges and costs on the internet, and extending the period under which consumers can withdraw from a sales contract.


Source: Regulations, Directives and other acts (accessed 26/12/2020).


An encyclical letter is one of the highest‑level teaching documents a pope can issue. It is a formal letter addressed not just to bishops, but to the entire Catholic Church—and often to “all people of good will.” It carries significant doctrinal, moral, or social teaching weight.

An encyclical is a papal teaching document that:

  • Clarifies Catholic doctrine on a major issue
  • Interprets contemporary events in light of the Gospel
  • Guides the global Church on faith, morals, or social questions
  • Invites dialogue with the wider world

It is authoritative, though not infallible unless the pope explicitly defines a dogma (which encyclicals rarely do).

A recent example is the #MagnificaHumanitas - On safeguarding the human person in the time of Artificial Intelligence by Pope Leo XIV.


These documents consist of numbered articles, that allow us to define a systematic hashtag for each article of the document, simply by combining an abbreviation of the document with the number of the article. Each hashtag is defined on an individual Wiki page.

Currently, the #en2wiki has pages and hashtags for the "articles" of:



The backlinks below usually do not include the child and sibling items, nor the pages in the breadcrumbs.


hashtags for goods, services and harms