edited by Martin Haspelmath and Uri Tadmor, is a scientific publication by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig (2009). It provides
of 41 languages from around the world, with comprehensive information about the loanword status of each word. It allows users to find loanwords, source words and donor languages in each of the 41 languages, but also makes it easy to compare loanwords across languages.
| Language or language group |
Language (with link to WOLD) (Language group) |
| Bantu |
Bantu (Niger-Congo) |
| Afro-Asiatic |
(Afro-Asiatic) |
| Ainu |
Ainu (Ainu, Ainu) |
| Akkadian |
Akkadian (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic) |
| Alanian |
Alanian (Indo-European, Iranian) |
| Albanian |
Albanian (Indo-European, Albanian) |
| Ojibwa |
Algonquian (Powhatan) Algic) |
| Amharic |
Amharic (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic) |
| Egyptian |
Egyptian (Afro-Asiatic) |
| Arabic |
Arabic (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic) |
| Moroccan Arabic |
Arabic (Moroccan) (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic) |
| Arawakan (Haiti) |
Arawakan (Haiti) (Arawakan) |
| Arawakan |
(Arawakan) |
| Armenian |
Armenian (Indo-European) |
| Indo-Portuguese |
Indo-Portuguese (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Assyrian |
Assyrian Afro-Asiatic, Semitic) |
| Austro-Asiatic |
(Austro-Asiatic) |
| Austronesian |
(Austronesian |
| Avaric |
Avar (Nakh-Daghestanian, Avar-Andic-Tsezic) |
| Aymara |
Aymara (Aymaran, Aymaran) |
| Azerbaijani |
Azerbaijani (Altaic, Turkic ) |
| Balinese |
Balinese (Austronesian, Bali-Sasak) |
| Baltic |
(Baltic, Indo-European) |
| Banda |
Banda (Niger-Congo) |
| Banjarese |
Banjarese (Austronesian, Malayic) |
| Barbacoan |
(Barbacoan) |
| Bargam |
Bargam (Trans-New Guinea, Madang) |
| Bemba |
Bemba (Niger-Congo, Bantoid) |
| Bengali |
Bengali (Indo-European, Indic) |
| Benue-Congo |
Benue-Congo (Niger-Congo) |
| Berber |
Berber (Afro-Asiatic) |
| Bulgarian |
Bulgarian (Indo-European, Slavic) |
| Burushaski |
Burushaski (Burushaski, Burushaski) |
| Buryat |
Buryat (Mongolic) |
| Yue Chinese |
Cantonese (Sino-Tibetan, Chinese) |
| Carib |
Carib (Cariban, Cariban) |
| Celtic |
Celtic (Indo-European) |
| Central Tai |
Central Tai (Tai-Kadai) |
| Ch’ao-chou |
Ch’ao-chou (Sino-Tibetan, Chinese) |
| Ch’olan |
Ch’olan (Mayan) |
| Ch’olti’ |
Ch’olti’ (Mayan, Mayan) |
| Ch’orti’ |
Ch’orti’ (Mayan) |
| Chadic |
Chadic (Afro-Asiatic) |
| Cham |
Cham (Austronesian) |
| Chamic |
Chamic (Austronesian) |
| Chinese |
Chinese (Sino-Tibetan) |
| Southern Min |
Hokkien (Sino-Tibetan, Chinese) |
| Min |
Min (Sino-Tibetan, Chinese) |
| Northern Chinese |
Northern Chinese (Sino-Tibetan) |
| Ch'ol |
Chol (Mayan, Mayan) |
| Chontal |
Chontal (Tequistlatecan) |
| Chuj |
Chuj (Mayan, Mayan) |
| Latin |
Latin (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Classical Arabic |
Classical Arabic (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic) |
| Classical Greek |
Classical Greek (Indo-European, Greek) |
| Germanic |
Germanic (Indo-European ) |
| Comorian |
Comorian (Niger-Congo, Bantoid) |
| Coptic |
Coptic (Afro-Asiatic, Egyptian-Coptic) |
| Cuzco Quechua (Quechuan) |
Cuzco Quechua (Quechuan) |
| Czech |
Czech (Indo-European, Slavic) |
| Dagur |
Dagur (Altaic, Mongolic) |
| Datooga |
Datooga (Nilo-Saharan, Nilotic) |
| Dendi |
Dendi (Nilo-Saharan, Songhay) |
| Dharuk |
Dharuk (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| Dravidian |
(Dravidian) |
| Madurese |
Madurese (Austronesian, Madurese ) |
| Khmer |
Khmer (Austro-Asiatic, Khmer ) |
| Turkic |
Turkic (Altaic ) |
| East Turkic |
East Turkic (Altaic, Turkic) |
| Eastern Abenaki |
Eastern Abenaki (Algic, Algonquian) |
| Eastern Bantu |
Eastern Bantu (Niger-Congo, Bantoid) |
| Spanish |
Spanish (Indo-European, Romance) |
| (European Colonial Language) |
(European Colonial Language) |
| Evenki |
Evenki (Altaic, Tungusic) |
| Fennic |
Fennic (Uralic) |
| Fijian |
Fijian (Austronesian, Oceanic) |
| Finno-Ugric |
Finno-Ugric (Uralic ) |
| Fon |
Fon (Niger-Congo, Kwa) |
| Frankish |
Frankish (Indo-European, Germanic ) |
| French |
French (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Anglo-Norman French |
French (Anglo-Norman) Indo-European, Romance) |
| Old French |
Old French (Indo-European, Romance ) |
| Picard |
French (Picard) (Indo-European, Romance ) |
| Walloon |
French (Walloon) (Indo-European, Romance ) |
| Fulah |
Ful Niger-Congo, Northern Atlantic ) |
| Gaelic |
Gaelic (Indo-European, Celtic ) |
| Gajirrabeng |
Gajirrabeng (Australian, Djeragan) |
| Gbe |
Gbe (Niger-Congo, Kwa) |
| Ge‘ez |
Ge‘ez (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic) |
| Gedaged |
Gedaged (Austronesian, Oceanic) |
| Georgian |
Georgian (Kartvelian, Kartvelian) |
| German |
German (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| Austrian German |
German (Austrian) (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| Early New High German |
Early New High German (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| Low German |
Low German (Indo-European, Germanic ) |
| Middle High German |
Middle High German (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| Middle Low German |
Middle Low German (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| New High German |
New High German (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| Upper Saxon German |
German (Upper Saxon) (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| East Middle German |
East Middle German (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| West Germanic |
West Germanic (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| Gothic |
Gothic (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| Tzeltal |
Greater Tzeltalan (Mayan) |
| Greek |
Greek (Indo-European, Greek) |
| Guarani |
Guaraní (Tupian, Tupi-Guaraní) |
| Gününa Yajüch |
Gününa Yajüch (Chon) |
| Guugu Yimidhirr |
Guugu Yimidhirr (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| French Guiana Creole |
Guyanese French Creole (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Hebrew |
Hebrew (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic) |
| High German |
High German (Indo-European, Germanic ) |
| Hindi - Urdu |
Hindi-Urdu (Indo-European) |
| Arabic (Hispanic) |
Arabic (Hispanic) (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic) |
| (Hmong-Mien) |
(Hmong-Mien) |
| Huastec |
Huastec (Mayan, Mayan) |
| Hungarian |
Hungarian (Uralic, Ugric) |
| Igbo |
Igbo (Niger-Congo, Igboid) |
| Illyrian |
Illyrian (Indo-European) |
| English |
English (Indian) (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| Réunion Creole |
French (Indian Ocean) (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Arabic |
Arabic (Indian Ocean) Afro-Asiatic, Semitic) |
| (Indo-European) |
(Indo-European) |
| Indo-Iranian |
Indo-Iranian (Indo-European) |
| Indo-Portuguese creoles |
Portuguese (Indian) (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Iranian |
Iranian (Indo-European) |
| Middle Persian |
Middle Persian (Indo-European) |
| Italian |
Italian (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Old Italian |
Old Italian (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Itzaj |
Itzaj (Mayan, Mayan) |
| Jah Hut |
Jah Hut (Austro-Asiatic, Aslian) |
| Jaminjung |
Jaminjung (Australian, Jaminjungan) |
| Jaru |
Jaru (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| Javanese |
Javanese (Austronesian, Javanese) |
| Jingulu |
Jingulu (West Barkly) |
| K’iche’an |
K’iche’an (Mayan, Mayan) |
| Kalmyk |
Kalmyk (Altaic, Mongolic) |
| Kam-Sui |
Kam-Sui (Tai-Kadai) |
| Kannada |
Kannada (Dravidian, Southern Dravidian) |
| Karelian |
Karelian (Uralic, Finnic) |
| Karranga |
Karranga (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| Kaurna |
Kaurna (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| Khalkha |
Khalkha (Altaic, Mongolic) |
| Kija |
Kija (Djeragan) |
| Komi |
Komi (Uralic, Finnic) |
| Kongo |
Kongo (Niger-Congo, Bantoid) |
| Konso |
Konso (Afro-Asiatic, Eastern Cushitic) |
| Korean |
Korean (Korean, Korean) |
| Kabuverdianu |
Kriol (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| Kurdish |
Kurdish (Indo-European) |
| Lak |
Lak (Nakh-Daghestanian, Lak-Dargwa) |
| Lao |
Lao (Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai) |
| Late Latin] |
Late Latin (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Medieval Latin |
Medieval Latin (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Vulgar Latin |
Vulgar Latin (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Nheengatú |
Nheengatú (Tupian) |
| Loango |
Loango (Bantoid) |
| Lolo-Burmese |
Lolo-Burmese (Sino-Tibetan) |
| Arabic |
Arabic (Maghrebi) (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic) |
| Central Makhuwa |
Makua (Niger-Congo, Bantoid) |
| Malay |
Malay (Austronesian, Malayic ) |
| Malayalam |
Malayalam (Dravidian, Southern Dravidian) |
| Wandala |
Malgwa (Afro-Asiatic, Biu-Mandara) |
| Mande |
Mande (Niger-Congo) |
| Mandinka |
Mandinka (Niger-Congo, Western Mande) |
| Maori |
Māori (Austronesian (Eastern Malayo-Polynesian), Oceanic) |
| Mauritian Creole |
French (Mauritian) (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Mende |
Mende (Niger-Congo, Western Mande) |
| Spanish |
Spanish (Mexican) (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Middle Chinese |
Middle Chinese (Sino-Tibetan) |
| Middle Dutch |
Middle Dutch (Indo-European, Germanic ) |
| Middle French |
Middle French (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Middle Iranian |
Middle Iranian (Indo-European ) |
| Middle Mon |
Middle Mon (Austro-Asiatic) |
| Middle North Germanic |
Middle North Germanic (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| Mikmaq |
Mikmaq (Algic, Algonquian) |
| Minangkabau |
Minangkabau (Austronesian, Malayic) |
| Miriwung |
Miriwung (Australian, Djeragan) |
| Mixe-Zoquean |
Mixe-Zoquean (Oto-Manguean) |
| Mocho |
Mocho (Mayan) |
| Khmer |
Modern Khmer (Austro-Asiatic) |
| Modern Mon |
Modern Mon (Austro-Asiatic) |
| Modern Mon |
Mon (Austro-Asiatic, Monic) |
| Mon-Khmer |
Mon-Khmer (Austro-Asiatic) |
| Mongolian |
Mongolian (Altaic, Mongolic) |
| Mongolic |
Mongolic (Altaic ) |
| Mopan |
Mopan (Mayan, Mayan) |
| Mudburra |
Mudburra (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| Nahuatl |
Nahuatl (Uto-Aztecan, Aztecan) |
| Narragansett |
Narragansett (Algic, Algonquian) |
| Neo-Latin |
Neo-Latin (Indo-European, Romance ) |
| Nepali |
Nepali (Indo-European, Indic) |
| Ngaliwurru |
Ngaliwurru (Australian, Jaminjungan) |
| Ngardi |
Ngardi (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| Ngarinyman |
Ngarinyman (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| (Niger-Congo) |
(Niger-Congo) |
| (Nilo-Saharan) |
(Nilo-Saharan) |
| Nobonob |
Nobonob (Trans-New Guinea, Madang) |
| North Germanic |
North Germanic (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| Norwegian |
Norwegian (Indo-European, Germanic ) |
| Nungali |
Nungali (Jaminjungan) |
| Nupe |
Nupe (Niger-Congo, Nupoid) |
| Nyamwezi |
Nyamwezi (Niger-Congo, Bantoid) |
| Nyungar |
Nyungar (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| Occitan |
Occitan (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Oghur |
Oghur (Altaic, Turkic) |
| Old Chinese |
Old Chinese (Sino-Tibetan) |
| Old Frisian |
Old Frisian (Indo-European, Germanic ) |
| Indic |
Indic (Indo-European) |
| Sanskrit |
Sanskrit (Indo-European, Indic) |
| Old Irish |
Old Irish (Indo-European, Celtic) |
| Old Javanese |
Old Javanese (Austronesian) |
| Old Khmer |
Old Khmer (Austro-Asiatic) |
| Old Lithuaninian |
Old Lithuaninian (Indo-European) |
| Old Mon |
Old Mon (Austro-Asiatic, Monic) |
| Old Norse |
Old Norse (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| Old Persian |
Old Persian (Indo-European) |
| Old Provençal |
Old Provençal (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Old Russian |
Old Russian (Indo-European) |
| Old Slavic |
Old Slavic (Indo-European, Slavic) |
| Old Thai |
Old Thai (Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai) |
| Oromo |
Oromo (Afro-Asiatic ) |
| Ossetian |
Ossetian (Indo-European, Iranian) |
| Pacific Pidgin English |
Pacific Pidgin English (Indo-European, Germanic ) |
| Pali |
Pali (Indo-European) |
| Pama-Nyungan |
Pama-Nyungan (Australian) |
| Munda |
Munda (Austro-Asiatic ) |
| Farsi |
Persian (Indo-European, Iranian) |
| Elamite |
Elamite (isolate ) |
| Phoenician |
Phoenician (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic) |
| Pilagá |
Pilagá (Guaicuruan, Guaicuruan) |
| Polish |
Polish (Indo-European, Slavic) |
| Portuguese |
Portuguese (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Batavian Portuguese Creole |
Batavian Portuguese Creole (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Pre-Malagasy |
Pre-Malagasy (Austronesian) |
| Pre-Minangkabau |
Pre-Minangkabau (Austronesian) |
| Pre-Oromo |
Pre-Oromo (Afro-Asiatic) |
| Pre-Rangi |
Pre-Rangi (Niger-Congo, Bantoid) |
| Pre-Sandawe |
Pre-Sandawe (isolate ) |
| Proto-Austronesian |
Proto-Austronesian (Austronesian) |
| Proto-Austroasiatic |
Proto-Austroasiatic (Austro-Asiatic) |
| Proto Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian |
Proto Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (Austronesian) |
| Proto-Malayo-Polynesian |
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (Austronesian) |
| Proto-Mon-Khmer |
Proto-Mon-Khmer (Austro-Asiatic ) |
| Proto-Oceanic |
Proto-Oceanic (Austronesian, Oceanic) |
| Proto-Altaic |
Proto-Altaic (Altaic ) |
| Proto-Chadic |
Proto-Chadic (Afro-Asiatic) |
| Proto-Finnic |
Proto-Finnic (Uralic, Finnic) |
| Proto-Germanic |
Proto-Germanic (Indo-European, Germanic) |
| Proto-Greater Kanjobalan |
Proto-Greater Kanjobalan (Mayan) |
| Proto-Hmong-Mien |
Proto-Hmong-Mien (Hmong-Mien) |
| Proto-Indo-European |
Proto-Indo-European (Indo-European) |
| Proto-Mixe-Zoquean |
Proto-Mixe-Zoquean (Mixe-Zoque) |
| Proto-Mixean |
Proto-Mixean (Mixe-Zoque) |
| Proto-Mongolic |
Proto-Mongolic (Altaic, Mongolic) |
| Proto-Semitic |
Proto-Semitic (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic) |
| Proto-Slavic |
Proto-Slavic (Indo-European ) |
| Proto-Tai |
Proto-Tai (Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai) |
| Proto-West Chadic |
Proto-West Chadic (Afro-Asiatic, West Chadic) |
| Proto-Yucatecan |
Proto-Yucatecan (Mayan) |
| Qʼanjobʼal language |
Q’anjob’alan (Mayan ) |
| Qiangic |
Qiangic (Tibeto-Burman) |
| Quechua |
Quechua (Quechuan, Quechuan) |
| K'icheʼ |
Quiche (Mayan ) |
| Ramoaaina |
Ramoaaina (Austronesian, Oceanic) |
| Rarotongan |
Rarotongan (Austronesian, Oceanic) |
| Romance |
Romance (Indo-European, Romance ) |
| Russian |
Russian (Indo-European, Slavic) |
| Ryukyuan |
Ryukyuan (Japanese) |
| Saharan |
Saharan (Nilo-Saharan) |
| Shambala language |
Sambaa (Niger-Congo, Bantoid) |
| Sandawe |
Sandawe (Khoisan, Sandawe) |
| Gaelic |
Gaelic (Scottish) (Indo-European, Celtic) |
| Selkup |
Selkup (Uralic, Samoyedic) |
| Semitic |
Semitic (Afro-Asiatic) |
| Cisena |
Sena (Niger-Congo, Bantoid) |
| Serbian |
Serbian (Indo-European) |
| Slavic |
Slavic (Indo-European) |
| East Slavic |
East Slavic (Indo-European, Slavic) |
| Slovak |
Slovak (Indo-European, Slavic ) |
| Songhay |
Songhay (Nilo-Saharan ) |
| South Aslian |
South Aslian (Austro-Asiatic, Aslian) |
| South Slavic |
South Slavic (Indo-European, Slavic) |
| Macedonian |
Macedonian (Indo-European, Slavic) |
| Slovenian |
Slovenian (Indo-European) |
| South Sulawesi |
South Sulawesi (Austronesian, Sulawesi) |
| South Cushitic |
South Cushitic (Afro-Asiatic) |
| Southern Chinese |
Southern Chinese (Sino-Tibetan) |
| Wardaman |
Wardaman (Australian, Yangmanic ) |
| Sranan (other, Creoles and Pidgins) |
Sranan (other, Creoles and Pidgins) |
| Standard Arabic |
Standard Arabic (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic) |
| Sundanese |
Sundanese (Austronesian, Sundanese ) |
| Portuguese |
Suriname Portuguese (Indo-European, Romance ) |
| Tahitian |
Tahitian (Austronesian, Oceanic) |
| Tai |
Tai (Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai ) |
| Taino |
Taino (Arawakan) |
| Tamasheq |
Tamasheq (Afro-Asiatic, Berber) |
| Tamil |
Tamil (Dravidian, Southern Dravidian) |
| Tatar |
Tatar (Altaic, Turkic ) |
| Tharrgari |
Tharrgari (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| Tibetan |
Tibetan (Sino-Tibetan ) |
| Tibeto-Burman |
Tibeto-Burman (Sino-Tibetan) |
| Loloish |
Loloish (Sino-Tibetan, Burmese-Lolo) |
| Toba Batak |
Toba Batak (Austronesian ) |
| Tocharian A |
Tocharian A (Indo-European) |
| Tocharian B |
Tocharian B (Indo-European ) |
| Tojolabal |
Tojolabal (Mayan, Mayan) |
| Tok Pisin |
Tok Pisin (other, Creoles and Pidgins) |
| Tolai |
Tolai (Austronesian, Oceanic ) |
| Daza, Teda |
Tubu (Nilo-Saharan, Western Saharan ) |
| Tukano |
Tukano (Tucanoan) |
| Tupí |
Tupí (Tupian) |
| Tupi-Guaraní |
Tupi-Guaraní (Tupian ) |
| Oghuric |
Oghuric (Altaic, Turkic ) |
| Turkish |
Turkish (Altaic, Turkic ) |
| Tzeltal |
Tzeltal (Mayan, Mayan ) |
| Tzotzil |
Chamula (Tzotzil Mayan ) |
| Ukrainian |
Ukrainian (Indo-European, Slavic) |
| (Unidentified)] |
(Unidentified) |
| Upper Sorbian |
Upper Sorbian (Indo-European, Slavic) |
| Ute |
Ute (Uto-Aztecan, Numic) |
| Vlax Romani |
Vlax Romani (Indo-European, Indic) |
| Voltaic] |
Voltaic (Niger-Congo ) |
| Walmajarri |
Walmajarri (Australian, Pama-Nyungan ) |
| Wambaya |
Wambaya (Australian, West Barkly ) |
| Warlmanpa |
Warlmanpa (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| Warlpiri |
Warlpiri (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| Warluwarra |
Warluwarra (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| Warluwarric |
Warluwarric (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| Warumungu |
Warumungu (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| Waskia |
Waskia (Trans-New Guinea, Madang) |
| Welsh |
Welsh (Indo-European, Celtic ) |
| English (West African Coastal) |
English (West African Coastal) (Indo-European, Germanic ) |
| French (West African) |
French (West African) (Indo-European, Romance) |
| Malayo-Polynesian |
Malayo-Polynesian (Austronesian) |
| Western Mayan |
Western Mayan (Mayan ) |
| Wiradjuri |
Wiradjuri (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| Wolof |
Wolof (Niger-Congo, Northern Atlantic ) |
| Tabgač |
Tabgač (Altaic, Mongolic) |
| Xiongnu |
Xiongnu (unclear ) |
| Yanyuwa |
Yanyuwa (Australian, Pama-Nyungan) |
| Yao |
Yao (Niger-Congo, Bantoid) |
| Yoruba |
Yoruba (Niger-Congo, Defoid) |
| Yucatecan |
Yucatecan (Mayan ) |
| Zaramo |
Zaramo (Niger-Congo, Bantoid ) |
| Zigula |
Zigua (Niger-Congo, Bantoid ) |
| Kumyk |
Kumyk (Altaic, Turkic ) |
| Azerbaijani |
Azeri (Altaic, Turkic ) |
| Punic |
Punic (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic) |
| Tongan |
Tongan (Austronesian, Oceanic ) |
| Samoan |
Samoan (Austronesian, Oceanic ) |
| Marquesan |
Marquesan (Austronesian, Oceanic ) |
| Croatian |
Croatian (Indo-European, Slavic ) |
| Twi |
Twi (Niger-Congo, Kwa) |
